The voice and its disorders pdf

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It measures four basic parameters: selected as required for voice analysis. Detailed history, general and ENT examination was done. Site, size, the Jitter refers to cycle-to-cycle, short-term perturbation in extent of the lesion if present , laterality, the mobility of vocal cords were noted.

A biopsy was taken, when the fundamental frequency of the voice. It is the relative required. It increases with poor and Scores were given out of inconsistent contact between the vocal fold edges. It includes con- tributions from both perturbations of amplitude and Additional Features frequency. Moreover, the small numbers of studies Objective Analysis that exist are characterized by substantial variability A computer-based software Praat was used.

The voice in reported prevalence estimates, ranging from 0. This lack The normative values vary according to the software. So an attempt has been made to study and assess Mean pitch: Hz Hz the quantitative parameters of voice using the software Minimum pitch: 85 Hz Hz Praat, concerning various disorders and to highlight its Maximum pitch: Hz Hz implication in the present scenario.

Voice therapy was given to these patients and was kept on follow-up. Benign lesions were most common in Bidi maker 1 2. Malignant lesions Farmer 12 30 were more commonly seen in the age group of 41 to House wife 3 7. Labour 9 Functional dysphonia with hoarseness was Singer 1 2. Supervisor 1 2. Painful phona- tion was seen in 7. Weak voice or inability to increase loudness was seen in 7. Pain or irri- voice.

Details of the impairment in voice were noted. A tation in throat was felt either continuous or only while maximum number of patients presented with the change speaking. It was also associated with vocal fatigue. It was the predominant symptom in laryngeal tuberculosis TB. Cough was present in In most of the cases, there was a history of bouts of cough followed by fluid intake. This could be attributed to aspiration due to improper coordination during phases of swallowing.

One hundred percent of cases of TB laryngitis complained of cough, which was expectorant, and occasionally blood tinged. A cough was also seen in patients with gastro- esophageal reflux disease GERD.

Dysphagia or difficulty in swallowing was seen in Chest pain was present in 7. Benign lesions egorized as mild, moderate and severe. Functional dysphonia noted as roughness, breathiness, strained. Abnormal was seen in