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And a major one that just appeared recently that causes the application to get stuck all the time is unforgivable please fix!!! Also new search is still terrible. A paying customer The new update is amazing. Really appreciate your work guys! If i can donate cash i would gladly do. The following data may be collected and linked to your identity:.

The following data may be collected but it is not linked to your identity:. Privacy practices may vary based on, for example, the features you use or your age. Learn More. The base is made of clay and marl. In the past the aquifer has provided between MCM of water per year. The capacity of the aquifer is assumed to be around 4 BCM. Over the years there has been an increase in the amount of chlorides leaching into the aquifer, which has reached , tons per year.

In addition, there is a concern that with the increase of use of treated effluent, there has been an increase of sodium infiltration into the aquifer. Desalination Plants There are two desalination plants that could provide water to the settlements, at Palmachim and Ashdod.

Though Palmachim is close enough to be a viable option to provide water to Yavne, Ashdod is closer to the other settlements and is about the same distance from Yavne as Palamichim. Consequently, the decision was made to only consider supply from Ashdod, although if there was a pressing reason, the Palmachim plant could theoretically be used.

Regulations Storage Regulations There are two types of regulations that were taken into consideration when the water storage vessels were designed: storage regulations and firefighting regulations.

For example, Beit Gamliel is projected to have a peak daily flow of 2, m3. Therefore, the tank adjacent to the settlement must hold at least: In addition, for firefighting regulations, there must always be at least m3 of water in storage at all times of the day. Jerusalem: Israel Hydrological Service, Safety involves removing toxins, pathogens, excess salinity, or any other harmful substances.

Health requires making sure that the water contains beneficial minerals like magnesium, calcium, etc. Aquifer water usually contains a high mineral content sometimes too high requiring softening but is subject to contamination of pollutants, invasion of saline water, or pathogenic outbreaks. The treatment for this type of water would focus on chlorination or UV disinfection and testing for pathogens and toxins.

Desalinated water membranes filter out bacteria and viruses but they also leave almost no minerals in the supply. This is not as good for the consumer and can be harmful to the distribution network. Treatment for desalinated water also involves prophylactic chlorination and the addition of beneficial minerals.

The quality requirements for palatability involve aspects like taste, turbidity, color, etc. Pressure Regulations A water distribution system must meet requirements for maximum and minimum pressure head. There must be at least 30 meters of pressure head at the supply node to ensure that water will reach the consumer even on the upper floors with enough pressure to prevent damage to the system and water waste.

The maximum pressure allowed in the distribution system within the settlement itself is 60 meters of head. Pipe Thickness There are two requirements for pipe thickness in a water supply system. One is for safe handling and manufacture and one is to prevent failure in the pipe due to excessive pressure.

Each requirement has a thickness design formula, and the thickness chosen is the maximum of the two. Usage and Population Projection Whenever possible, specific data about planned expansions were used to predict the growth of settlements and cities examined in this project. For example, in Yavne there are public plans for new neighborhoods with exact numbers of dwelling units to be added. In contrast, a representative in Beit Gamliel stated explicitly that there are no plans for expansion of any kind.

Even when no expansion was planned, it was decided that the system should be designed to accommodate at least nominal growth typical of the settlements in the area. To determine the peak hourly flows, the projected annual water demand for each settlement in each sector was calculated this is described in detail in the section on water demand projection.

This number is multiplied by the coefficient of the peak daily demand and the coefficient of the peak hour demand. This results in the greatest water hourly usage that the system should ever have to cope with. Example Calculation of Hourly Design Flow In Kvutsat Yavne, the projected annual domestic water consumption is , m3 and the annual agricultural usage is , m3.

The following equation was used to calculate the hourly design flow for domestic and agricultural use: Projected Hourly Design for Domestic Use 1.

Projected Hourly Design for Agricultural Use 1. Water Balance and Tank Level The water balance is a tracking method by which the amount of water in the system is accounted for as the hours in the day pass. The system does not supply the exact amount of water necessary at any given moment, but rather it supplies at a constant rate and not necessarily at all hours of the day. However, the demand is not constant but is characterized by ebbs and flows. As a result, tanks are necessary to hold the excess water so it can be supplied for any demand.

Consequently, it is crucial to determine how much water requires storing at any given moment to properly design the most appropriate tank size.

It is also important to know the water level to make sure that it never drops below the minimum necessary to meet firefighting regulations. Daily Demand Projected daily demand was calculated in a similar manner to the projected peak flow.

The annual consumption is first projected to Afterwards, it is divided by to receive the average daily flow and then finally, multiplied by the peak daily consumption factor.

Hourly Demand To determine the cumulative demand, the 24 hour day was divided into hourly segments, each corresponding to a certain percentage of water demand. In the early morning and late evenings, the water demand is small, and therefore they represent a smaller percentage of the daily water demand, whereas during peak hours such as in mid-morning the percentage is a lot larger.

The total daily demand is therefore broken up per hour by multiplying the total daily demand by its hourly percentage. Hourly Supply The hourly supply was calculated differently for the desalinated water supply and the well supply. Depending on the total demand, the hours of required pumping was determined and whenever possible, the pumping was set to occur during off-peak hours. Then, a base level is set such that there minimum water level will always be maintained.

The rates used are for business customers and with the VAT. Both of these rates used a conversion rate of 3. Well water is acquired only at the cost of pumping the water and delivering it to the consumer. Although in real life, both types of water would likely require some form of treatment like disinfection, softening chlorination or mineral addition, we will neglect these costs.

The city grew in population due to immigration from North Africa, Yemen, Iran and Europe and in the s, from Ethiopia. This encouraged the movement of young people and career army and police officials to the area which elevated the socio-economic level of the population and housing prices began to rise. Between to , Yavne doubled in size to its current population of 32, people5.

Yavne is located in the southern coastal region five kilometers from the Mediterranean Sea, encompassing It was established in by the Poel Mizrachi organization mainly by immigrants from Tripoli. It is located next to the city of Yavne and is under the jurisdiction of the Hevel Yavne Regional Council. The average elevation of the moshav is about 29 meters above sea level.

Founded in by religious German immigrants, it moved to its present location in the winter of Topics: Active Unanswered. Index » users: Israel » Palestinian Grid Pages: 1. Palestinian Grid Hi, I'm new in the forum, then sorry for a probably bad netquette.

Thank in advance for the support you can give me Piero Ausonio. Re: Palestinian Grid Thank you very much for your complete and very quick reply. The problem I've faced with is that names in Israel- Palestine are continuously changing over the time Piero Ausonio. Re: Palestinian Grid It's not just place names. Last edited by zstadler Israel Hiking Map. Re: Palestinian Grid Some archaeologists like Alliata tried to locate the names of Madaba map, he found some evidencies, but the arabic names he wrote are still difficult to locate as he translitterated in his own way.

Re: Palestinian Grid Unfortunately I can't read Hebrew, that I can't use the huge quantity of information on amudanan.