Cia country files

Net migration rate Urbanization urban population: Major urban areas - population 1. Sex ratio at birth: 1. Mother's mean age at first birth Infant mortality rate total: Life expectancy at birth total population: Total fertility rate 1.

Contraceptive prevalence rate Physicians density 4. Hospital bed density 4. Obesity - adult prevalence rate Children under the age of 5 years underweight 2. Education expenditures 2. Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: School life expectancy primary to tertiary education total: 13 years male: 13 years female: 14 years Unemployment, youth ages total: Environment Environment - current issues soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; deforestation; pollution of Hrazdan and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich Lake Sevan , a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone.

Air pollutants particulate matter emissions: Revenue from forest resources forest revenues: 0. Waste and recycling municipal solid waste generated annually: , tons est. Total water withdrawal municipal: Total renewable water resources 7.

Government Country name conventional long form: Republic of Armenia conventional short form: Armenia local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun local short form: Hayastan former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic etymology: the etymology of the country's name remains obscure; according to tradition, the country is named after Hayk, the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and the great-great-grandson of Noah; Hayk's descendant, Aram, purportedly is the source of the name Armenia.

Government type parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December transformed the government to a parliamentary system. Independence 21 September from the Soviet Union ; notable earlier dates: B.

National holiday Independence Day, 21 September Legal system civil law system. International law organization participation has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt. Citizenship citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Armenia dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years.

Suffrage 18 years of age; universal. Judicial branch highest courts: Court of Cassation consists of the Criminal Chamber with a chairman and 5 judges and the Civil and Administrative Chamber with a chairman and 10 judges — with both civil and administrative specializations ; Constitutional Court consists of 9 judges judge selection and term of office: Court of Cassation judges nominated by the Supreme Judicial Council, a member body of selected judges and legal scholars; judges appointed by the president; judges can serve until age 65; Constitutional Court judges - 4 appointed by the president, and 5 elected by the National Assembly; judges can serve until age 70 subordinate courts: criminal and civil appellate courts; administrative appellate court; first instance courts; specialized administrative and bankruptcy courts.

Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red top , blue, and orange; the color red recalls the blood shed for liberty, blue the Armenian skies as well as hope, and orange the land and the courage of the workers who farm it.

National symbol s Mount Ararat, eagle, lion; national colors: red, blue, orange. Economy Economic overview Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy.

Real GDP growth rate 7. Boxes See a complete listing of the documents. This series consists of decrypted, annotated translations of Soviet diplomatic telegrams intercepted by the U. The messages mainly relate to the many worldwide espionage and counterespionage activities of the Soviet foreign intelligence services, most notably the activities of Soviet agents in the U.

The records also provide information relating to Soviet agents who infiltrated the Department of Justice, the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, the Office of Strategic Services, and the War Department; as well as agents with access to the White House, Congress, political parties, the media, and defense industries.

Folder List. All questions regarding these and other relevant records likely to be in the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration should be directed to: Archives2reference nara. Top Skip to main content. Augsburg, Emil box 5 Barbie, Klaus [vols. The CIA does not make policy; it is an independent source of foreign intelligence information for those who do. The CIA may also engage in covert action at the president's direction in accordance with applicable law.

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Beginning in the s, Nationalist authorities gradually began to incorporate the native population into the governing structure beyond the local level. Taiwan held legislative elections in , the first in over forty years, and its first direct presidential election in In the presidential elections, Taiwan underwent its first peaceful transfer of power with the KMT loss to the DPP and afterwards experienced two additional democratic transfers of power in and Throughout this period, the island prospered, became one of East Asia's economic "Tigers," and after became a major investor in mainland China as cross-Strait ties matured.

The dominant political issues continue to be economic reform and growth as well as management of sensitive relations between Taiwan and China. Buddhist Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy that is driven largely by industrial manufacturing, and especially exports of electronics, machinery, and petrochemicals. This heavy dependence on exports exposes the economy to fluctuations in global demand. Taiwan's diplomatic isolation, low birth rate, rapidly aging population, and increasing competition from China and other Asia Pacific markets are other major long-term challenges.

However, follow-on components of the ECFA, including a signed agreement on trade in services and negotiations on trade in goods and dispute resolution, have stalled.

In early , the government bowed to public demand and proposed a new law governing the oversight of cross-Strait agreements, before any additional deals with China are implemented; the legislature has yet to vote on such legislation, leaving the future of ECFA uncertain. President TSAI since taking office in May has promoted greater economic integration with South and Southeast Asia through the New Southbound Policy initiative and has also expressed interest in Taiwan joining the Trans-Pacific Partnership as well as bilateral trade deals with partners such as the US.

Taiwan's total fertility rate of just over one child per woman is among the lowest in the world, raising the prospect of future labor shortages, falling domestic demand, and declining tax revenues. The island runs a trade surplus with many economies, including China and the US, and its foreign reserves are the world's fifth largest, behind those of China, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Switzerland.

China is also the island's number one destination for foreign direct investment. Taiwan since has gradually loosened rules governing Chinese investment and has also secured greater market access for its investors on the mainland. Skip to main content Go to CIA.

Explore All Countries Taiwan. Page last updated: January 03, Country Flag View Details. Country Map View Larger. Travel Facts. Locator Map View Larger. Introduction Background First inhabited by Austronesian people, Taiwan became home to Han immigrants beginning in the late Ming Dynasty 17th century. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Definitions and Notes. Geographic coordinates 23 30 N, 00 E.

Map references Southeast Asia. Area total: 35, sq km land: 32, sq km water: 3, sq km note: includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Quemoy islands country comparison to the world: Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maryland and Delaware combined. Land boundaries total: 0 km. Coastline 1,