Single page web application template

However, this means much of the work happens on the client side, in JavaScript. For the traditional ASP. NET developer, it can be difficult to make the leap. The sample app I created is a simple movie database, shown in Figure 1. The far-left column of the page displays a list of genres.

Clicking on a genre brings up a list of movies within that genre. Clicking the Edit button next to an entry lets you change that entry. After making edits, you can click Save to submit the update to the server, or Cancel to revert the changes. I created two different versions of the app, one using the Knockout. In both cases, the client app was fewer than lines of JavaScript.

On the server side, I used ASP. You can find source code for both versions of the app at github. This triggers a page refresh in the browser. The app uses the JSON data to update the page dynamically, without reloading the page. Figure 2 illustrates the difference between the two approaches.

Figure 2 The Traditional Page Lifecycle vs. One benefit of SPAs is obvious: Applications are more fluid and responsive, without the jarring effect of reloading and re-rendering the page. Another benefit might be less obvious and it concerns how you architect a Web app.

This separation makes it easier to design and evolve each layer. After the initial page load, the server acts purely as a service layer. The client just needs to know what HTTP requests to send. With this architecture, the client and the service are independent.

The reverse is also true—you can replace the entire client app without changing the service layer. For example, you might write a native mobile client that consumes the service.

Visual Studio has a single ASP. NET Web Application project type. The project wizard lets you select the ASP. NET components to include in your project. I started with the Empty template and then added ASP. This template installs a skeleton SPA built on Knockout.

It supports log in using a membership database or external authentication provider. The SPA template is a great resource, though, especially if you want to add authentication to your app.

I used ASP. For example, you might want your database schema to look different from your JSON payloads. For this app, I kept things simple:. Figure 5 shows the Add Controller wizard. I named the controller MoviesController. Figure 5 The Add Controller Wizard. Values in curly brackets are placeholders. The client puts the genre in the query string of the URI. Now I need to write a client app that does something meaningful with this.

The basic workflow is:. A big advantage of this architecture is that it separates the presentation layer from the application logic. You can create the Web API portion without knowing anything about how your web page will look. On the client side, you create a "view model" to represent that data, and the view model uses Knockout to bind to the HTML.

That lets you easily change the HTML without changing the view model. We'll look at Knockout a bit later. In the Visual Studio project, the Models folder contains the models that are used on the server side. There are also models on the client side; we'll get to those. These are the database models for Entity Framework Code First. Notice that these models have properties that point to each other. These properties are called navigation properties, and they represent the one-to-many relation a to-do list and its to-do items.

This tells EF to add a foreign-key constraint to the database. These classes define the data that will be sent to the client. In general, there are several reasons to use DTOs:. However, they are still useful because they avoid circular references from the navigation properties, and they demonstrate the general DTO pattern.

This file contains models for site membership. The UserProfile class defines the schema for user profiles in the membership DB. In this case, the only information is the user ID and the user name. The other model classes in this file are used to create the user registration and login forms. In Code First development, you define the models first in code, and then EF uses the model to create the database.

You can also use EF with an existing database Database First. This class provides the "glue" between the models and EF. To query the database, you simply write a LINQ query against these collections.

For example, here is how you can select all of the to-do lists for user "Alice":. You can also add new items to the collection, update items, or delete items from the collection, and persist the changes to the database. In ASP. The controllers are located in the Controllers folder of the solution. The methods on the controller implement the CRUD operations. The code for this controller is fairly straightforward.

Here are some interesting points:. The biggest difference is that it does not define any GET methods, because the client will get the to-do items along with each to-do list. The MVC controllers are also located in the Controllers folder of the solution.

The Home view renders different content depending on whether the user is logged in:. When users are logged in, they see the main UI. Otherwise, they see the login panel.

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